Barrett’s Oesophagus

What is it?

Barrett’s Oesophagus is a condition where the lining of the lower oesophagus changes due to long-term acid and bile reflux. Instead of normal squamous cells, the oesophagus develops cells similar to those in the intestines, a process called intestinal metaplasia. This condition increases the risk of oesophageal cancer.

Risk factors for oesophageal cancer include being an older Caucasian male, smoking, obesity, and family history.

How is it treated?

If Barrett's oesophagus is found during a gastroscopy and you have the risk factors above, your doctor may recommend regular surveillance. This involves repeat gastroscopies every few years to monitor for dysplasia, which indicates early pre-cancerous changes.

This proceedure often requires sedation to allow the gastroenterologist to carefully examine the oesophagus, as it can be a time-consuming process. If dysplasia is found, gastroscopies may be needed every 3 to 6 months. At this stage, it’s important to consult a specialist in Barrett’s oesophagus, as managing precancerous lesions requires expertise. In some cases, abnormal tissue may be removed (resection) during gastroscopy. Only a few specialists in New Zealand perform this procedure, and it can sometimes reveal previously undetected cancer.

Dr. Rees Cameron is the regional lead for managing Barrett’s oesophagus, especially in cases with dysplasia. He is highly skilled in modern surveillance techniques and has the most extensive experience in New Zealand with resecting and eliminating dysplasia and early oesophageal cancer.